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31 March, 2022

DBMS Tutorial

 Programing Coderfunda     March 31, 2022     DBMS     No comments   

 

DBMS Tutorial

DBMS Tutorial

DBMS Tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of Database. Our DBMS Tutorial is designed for beginners and professionals both.

Database management system is software that is used to manage the database.

Our DBMS Tutorial includes all topics of DBMS such as introduction, ER model, keys, relational model, join operation, SQL, functional dependency, transaction, concurrency control, etc.

What is Database

The database is a collection of inter-related data which is used to retrieve, insert and delete the data efficiently. It is also used to organize the data in the form of a table, schema, views, and reports, etc.

For example: The college Database organizes the data about the admin, staff, students and faculty etc.

Using the database, you can easily retrieve, insert, and delete the information.

Database Management System

  • Database management system is a software which is used to manage the database. For example: MySQL, Oracle, etc are a very popular commercial database which is used in different applications.
  • DBMS provides an interface to perform various operations like database creation, storing data in it, updating data, creating a table in the database and a lot more.
  • It provides protection and security to the database. In the case of multiple users, it also maintains data consistency.

DBMS allows users the following tasks:

  • Data Definition: It is used for creation, modification, and removal of definition that defines the organization of data in the database.
  • Data Updation: It is used for the insertion, modification, and deletion of the actual data in the database.
  • Data Retrieval: It is used to retrieve the data from the database which can be used by applications for various purposes.
  • User Administration: It is used for registering and monitoring users, maintain data integrity, enforcing data security, dealing with concurrency control, monitoring performance and recovering information corrupted by unexpected failure.

Characteristics of DBMS

  • It uses a digital repository established on a server to store and manage the information.
  • It can provide a clear and logical view of the process that manipulates data.
  • DBMS contains automatic backup and recovery procedures.
  • It contains ACID properties which maintain data in a healthy state in case of failure.
  • It can reduce the complex relationship between data.
  • It is used to support manipulation and processing of data.
  • It is used to provide security of data.
  • It can view the database from different viewpoints according to the requirements of the user.

Advantages of DBMS

  • Controls database redundancy: It can control data redundancy because it stores all the data in one single database file and that recorded data is placed in the database.
  • Data sharing: In DBMS, the authorized users of an organization can share the data among multiple users.
  • Easily Maintenance: It can be easily maintainable due to the centralized nature of the database system.
  • Reduce time: It reduces development time and maintenance need.
  • Backup: It provides backup and recovery subsystems which create automatic backup of data from hardware and software failures and restores the data if required.
  • multiple user interface: It provides different types of user interfaces like graphical user interfaces, application program interfaces

Disadvantages of DBMS

  • Cost of Hardware and Software: It requires a high speed of data processor and large memory size to run DBMS software.
  • Size: It occupies a large space of disks and large memory to run them efficiently.
  • Complexity: Database system creates additional complexity and requirements.
  • Higher impact of failure: Failure is highly impacted the database because in most of the organization, all the data stored in a single database and if the database is damaged due to electric failure or database corruption then the data may be lost forever.

DBMS Index


DBMS Tutorial

  • DBMS Tutorial
  • DBMS vs File System
  • DBMS Architecture
  • Three schema Architecture
  • Data model schema
  • Data Independence
  • DBMS Language

Data modeling

  • ER model concept
  • Notation for ER diagram
  • Mapping constraints
  • DBMS Keys
  • DBMS Generalization
  • DBMS Specialization
  • DBMS Aggregation
  • Convert ER into table
  • Relationship of Higher Degree

Relational data Model

  • Relational Model concept
  • Relational Algebra
  • Join Operation
  • Integrity Constraints
  • Relational Calculus

Normalization

  • Functional Dependency
  • Inference Rule
  • DBMS Normalization
  • DBMS 1NF
  • DBMS 2NF
  • DBMS 3NF
  • DBMS BCNF
  • DBMS 4NF
  • DBMS 5NF
  • Relational Decomposition
  • Multivalued Dependency
  • Join Dependency
  • Inclusion Dependence

Transaction Processing

  • Transaction
  • Transaction Property
  • States of Transaction
  • DBMS Schedule
  • Testing of Serializability
  • Conflict schedule
  • View Serializability
  • Recoverability of Schedule
  • Failure Classification
  • Log-Based Recovery
  • DBMS Checkpoint
  • Deadlock in DBMS

Concurrency Control

  • Concurrency Control
  • Lock based Protocol
  • Time stamping Protocol
  • Validation based Protocol
  • Thomas Write Rule
  • Multiple Granularity
  • Recovery Concurrent Transaction

File organization

  • File organization
  • Sequential File Organization
  • Heap File Organization
  • Hash File Organization
  • B+ File Organization
  • DBMS ISAM
  • Cluster File Organization

Indexing and B+ Tree

  • Indexing in DBMS
  • B+ Tree

Hashing

  • Hashing
  • Static Hashing
  • Dynamic Hashing

RAID

  • RAID

SQL Introduction

  • SQL Introduction
  • Characteristics of SQL
  • Advantage of SQL
  • SQl Datatype
  • SQL Command
  • SQL Operator
  • SQL Table
  • SQL SELECT Statement
  • SQL INSERT Statement
  • SQL Update Statement
  • SQL DELETE Statement
  • SQL View
  • SQL Index
  • SQL Sub Queries
  • SQL Clauses
  • SQL Aggregate Function
  • SQL JOIN
  • SQL Set Operation

Interview Questions

  • DBMS Interview Questions
  • SQL Interview Questions

Prerequisite

Before learning DBMS Tutorial, you must have the basic knowledge of Basic Database.

Audience

Our DBMS Tutorial is designed to help beginners and professionals.

Problem

We assure that you will not find any problem with this DBMS Tutorial. But if there is any mistake, please post the problem in the contact form.

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JavaScript Tutorial

 Programing Coderfunda     March 31, 2022     JavaScript     No comments   

 

Learn JavaScript Tutorial

JavaScript Tutorial

Our JavaScript Tutorial is designed for beginners and professionals both. JavaScript is used to create client-side dynamic pages.

JavaScript is an object-based scripting language which is lightweight and cross-platform.

JavaScript is not a compiled language, but it is a translated language. The JavaScript Translator (embedded in the browser) is responsible for translating the JavaScript code for the web browser.

What is JavaScript

JavaScript (js) is a light-weight object-oriented programming language which is used by several websites for scripting the webpages. It is an interpreted, full-fledged programming language that enables dynamic interactivity on websites when applied to an HTML document. It was introduced in the year 1995 for adding programs to the webpages in the Netscape Navigator browser. Since then, it has been adopted by all other graphical web browsers. With JavaScript, users can build modern web applications to interact directly without reloading the page every time. The traditional website uses js to provide several forms of interactivity and simplicity.


Although, JavaScript has no connectivity with Java programming language. The name was suggested and provided in the times when Java was gaining popularity in the market. In addition to web browsers, databases such as CouchDB and MongoDB uses JavaScript as their scripting and query language.

Features of JavaScript

There are following features of JavaScript:

  1. All popular web browsers support JavaScript as they provide built-in execution environments.
  2. JavaScript follows the syntax and structure of the C programming language. Thus, it is a structured programming language.
  3. JavaScript is a weakly typed language, where certain types are implicitly cast (depending on the operation).
  4. JavaScript is an object-oriented programming language that uses prototypes rather than using classes for inheritance.
  5. It is a light-weighted and interpreted language.
  6. It is a case-sensitive language.
  7. JavaScript is supportable in several operating systems including, Windows, macOS, etc.
  8. It provides good control to the users over the web browsers.

History of JavaScript

In 1993, Mosaic, the first popular web browser, came into existence. In the year 1994, Netscape was founded by Marc Andreessen. He realized that the web needed to become more dynamic. Thus, a 'glue language' was believed to be provided to HTML to make web designing easy for designers and part-time programmers. Consequently, in 1995, the company recruited Brendan Eich intending to implement and embed Scheme programming language to the browser. But, before Brendan could start, the company merged with Sun Microsystems for adding Java into its Navigator so that it could compete with Microsoft over the web technologies and platforms. Now, two languages were there: Java and the scripting language. Further, Netscape decided to give a similar name to the scripting language as Java's. It led to 'Javascript'. Finally, in May 1995, Marc Andreessen coined the first code of Javascript named 'Mocha'. Later, the marketing team replaced the name with 'LiveScript'. But, due to trademark reasons and certain other reasons, in December 1995, the language was finally renamed to 'JavaScript'. From then, JavaScript came into existence.

Application of JavaScript

JavaScript is used to create interactive websites. It is mainly used for:

  • Client-side validation,
  • Dynamic drop-down menus,
  • Displaying date and time,
  • Displaying pop-up windows and dialog boxes (like an alert dialog box, confirm dialog box and prompt dialog box),
  • Displaying clocks etc.

JavaScript Example

  1. <script>  
  2. document.write("Hello JavaScript by JavaScript");  
  3. </script>  
1

A detailed explanation of first JavaScript example is given in next chapter.


JavaScript Index


JavaScript Tutorial

  • JavaScript Introduction
  • JavaScript Example
  • External JavaScript

JavaScript Basics

  • JavaScript Comment
  • JavaScript Variable
  • JavaScript Global Variable
  • JavaScript Data Types
  • JavaScript Operators
  • JavaScript If Statement
  • JavaScript Switch
  • JavaScript Loop
  • JavaScript Function

JavaScript Objects

  • JavaScript Object
  • JavaScript Array
  • JavaScript String
  • JavaScript Date
  • JavaScript Math
  • JavaScript Number
  • JavaScript Boolean
  • JavaScript DataView
  • JavaScript Function
  • JavaScript handler
  • JavaScript JSON
  • JavaScript Number
  • JavaScript Reflect
  • JavaScript RegExp
  • JavaScript Symbol

JavaScript BOM

  • Browser Objects
  • 1) Window Object
  • 2) History Object
  • 3) Navigator Object
  • 4) Screen Object

JavaScript DOM

  • 5) Document Object
  • getElementById
  • getElementsByName
  • getElementsByTagName
  • JavaScript innerHTML property
  • JavaScript innerText property

JavaScript Validation

  • JavaScript form validation
  • JavaScript email validation

JavaScript OOPs

  • JavaScript Class
  • JavaScript Object
  • JavaScript Prototype
  • JavaScript constructor Method
  • JavaScript static Method
  • JavaScript Encapsulation
  • JavaScript Inheritance
  • JavaScript Polymorphism
  • JavaScript Abstraction

JavaScript Cookies

  • JavaScript Cookies
  • Cookie Attributes
  • Cookie with multiple Name
  • Deleting Cookies

JavaScript Events

    HTML/DOM Events

JavaScript Misc

  • JavaScript this Keyword
  • JavaScript Debugging
  • JavaScript Hoisting
  • JavaScript Strict Mode

JavaScript Advance

  • JavaScript TypedArray
  • JavaScript Set
  • JavaScript Map
  • JavaScript WeakSet
  • JavaScript WeakMap

Interview Questions

  • JavaScript Interview Questions

JavaScript Methods

JavaScript Array Object

  • JavaScript Array
  • Array concat() method
  • Array copywithin() method
  • Array every() method
  • Array fill() method
  • Array filter() method
  • Array find() method
  • Array findIndex() method
  • Array forEach() method
  • Array includes() method
  • Array indexOf() method
  • Array join() method
  • Array lastIndexOf() method
  • Array map() method
  • Array pop() method
  • Array push() method
  • Array reverse() method
  • Array shift() method
  • Array slice() method
  • Array sort() method
  • Array splice() method
  • Array unshift() method

JavaScript DataView Object

  • JavaScript DataView
  • DataView getFloat32() method
  • DataView getFloat64() method
  • DataView getInt8() method
  • DataView getInt16() method
  • DataView getInt32() method
  • DataView getUint8() method
  • DataView getUint16() method
  • DataView getUint32() method

JavaScript Function Object

  • JavaScript Function
  • Function apply() method
  • Function bind() method
  • Function call() method
  • Function toString() method

JavaScript Date Object

  • JavaScript Date
  • date getDate() method
  • date getDay() method
  • date getFullYears() method
  • date getHours() method
  • date getMilliseconds() method
  • date getMinutes() method
  • date getMonth() method
  • date getSeconds() method
  • date getUTCDate() method
  • date getUTCDay() method
  • date getUTCFullYears() method
  • date getUTCHours() method
  • date getUTCMinutes() method
  • date getUTCMonth() method
  • date getUTCSeconds() method
  • date setDate() method
  • date setDay() method
  • date setFullYears() method
  • date setHours() method
  • date setMilliseconds() method
  • date setMinutes() method
  • date setMonth() method
  • date setSeconds() method
  • date setUTCDate() method
  • date setUTCDay() method
  • date setUTCFullYears() method
  • date setUTCHours() method
  • date setUTCMilliseconds() method
  • date setUTCMinutes() method
  • date setUTCMonth() method
  • date setUTCSeconds() method
  • date toDateString() method
  • date toISOString() method
  • date toJSON() method
  • date toString() method
  • date toTimeString() method
  • date toUTCString() method
  • date valueOf() method

JavaScript handler Object

  • JavaScript handler
  • handler apply() method
  • handler construct() method
  • handler defineProperty() method
  • handler deleteProperty() method
  • handler get() method
  • handler getOwnPropertyDescriptor() method
  • handler getPrototypeOf() method
  • handler has() method
  • handler isExtensible() method
  • handler ownKeys() method
  • handler preventExtensions() method
  • handler set() method
  • handler setPrototypeOf() method

JavaScript JSON Object

  • JavaScript JSON
  • JSON.parse() method
  • JSON.stringify() method

JavaScript Map Object

  • JavaScript Map
  • Map clear() method
  • Map delete() method
  • Map entries() method
  • Map forEach() method
  • Map get() method
  • Map has() method
  • Map keys() method
  • Map set() method
  • Map values() method

JavaScript Math Object

  • JavaScript Math
  • Math abs() method
  • Math acos() method
  • Math asin() method
  • Math atan() method
  • Math cbrt() method
  • Math ceil() method
  • Math cos() method
  • Math cosh() method
  • Math exp() method
  • Math floor() method
  • Math hypot() method
  • Math log() method
  • Math max() method
  • Math min() method
  • Math pow() method
  • Math random() method
  • Math round() method
  • Math sign() method
  • Math sin() method
  • Math sinh() method
  • Math sqrt() method
  • Math tan() method
  • Math tanh() method
  • Math trunc() method

JavaScript Number Object

  • JavaScript Number
  • Number isFinite() method
  • Number isInteger() method
  • Number parseFloat() method
  • Number parseInt() method
  • Number toExponential() method
  • Number toFixed() method
  • Number toPrecision() method
  • Number toString() method

JavaScript RegExp Object

  • JavaScript RegExp
  • RegExp.exec() method
  • RegExp.test() method
  • RegExp.toString() method

JavaScript Object

  • JavaScript Object
  • Object.assign() method
  • Object.create() method
  • Object.defineProperty() method
  • Object.defineProperties() method
  • Object.entries() method
  • Object.freeze() method
  • getOwnPropertyDescriptor() method
  • getOwnPropertyDescriptors() method
  • getOwnPropertyNames() method
  • getOwnPropertySymbols() method
  • Object.getPrototypeOf() method
  • Object.is() method
  • preventExtensions() method
  • Object.seal() method
  • Object.setPrototypeOf() method
  • Object.values() method

JavaScript Reflect Object

  • JavaScript Reflect
  • Reflect.apply() method
  • Reflect.construct() method
  • Reflect.defineProperty() method
  • Reflect.deleteProperty() method
  • Reflect.get() method
  • getOwnPropertyDescriptor() method
  • Reflect.getPrototypeOf() method
  • Reflect.has() method
  • Reflect.isExtensible() method
  • Reflect.ownKeys() method
  • preventExtensions() method
  • Reflect.set() method
  • Reflect.setPrototypeOf() method

JavaScript Set Object

  • JavaScript Set
  • Set add() method
  • Set clear() method
  • Set delete() method
  • Set entries() method
  • Set forEach() method
  • Set has() method
  • Set values() method

JavaScript String Object

  • String charAt() method
  • String charAt() method
  • String charCodeAt() method
  • String concat() method
  • String indexOf() method
  • String lastIndexOf() method
  • String search() method
  • String match()
  • String replace() method
  • String substr() method
  • String substring() method
  • String slice() method
  • String toLowerCase() method
  • toLocaleLowerCase() method
  • String toUpperCase() method
  • toLocaleUpperCase() method
  • String toString() method
  • String valueOf() method

JavaScript Symbol Object

  • JavaScript Symbol
  • Symbol.for() method
  • Symbol.keyFor() method
  • Symbol.toString() method

Symbol Property

  • Symbol.hasInstance Property
  • isConcatSpreadable Property
  • Symbol.match Property
  • Symbol.prototype Property
  • Symbol.replace Property
  • Symbol.search Property
  • Symbol.split Property
  • Symbol.toStringTag Property
  • Symbol.unscopables Property

JavaScript TypedArray Object

  • JavaScript TypedArray
  • TypedArray copyWithin() method
  • TypedArray entries() method
  • TypedArray every() method
  • TypedArray fill() method
  • TypedArray filter() method
  • TypedArray find() method
  • TypedArray findIndex() method
  • TypedArray forEach() method
  • TypedArray includes() method
  • TypedArray indexof() method
  • TypedArray join() method
  • TypedArray Keys() method
  • TypedArray lastIndexof() method
  • TypedArray map() method
  • TypedArray reduce() method
  • TypedArray reduceRight() method
  • TypedArray reverse() method
  • TypedArray set() method
  • TypedArray Slice() method
  • TypedArray some() method
  • TypedArray sort() method
  • TypedArray subarray() method
  • TypedArray values() method
  • toLocaleString() method
  • TypedArray toString() method

JavaScript WeakMap Object

  • JavaScript WeakMap
  • WeakMap delete() method
  • WeakMap get() method
  • WeakMap has() method
  • WeakMap set() method

JavaScript WeakSet Object

  • JavaScript WeakSet
  • WeakSet add() method
  • WeakSet delete() method
  • WeakSet has() method
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