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22 December, 2020

Introduction to SQL

 Programing Coderfunda     December 22, 2020     SQL Tutorial     No comments   


    Introduction to SQL

    SQL is a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases.


    What is SQL?

    SQL stands for Structured Query Language
    SQL lets you access and manipulate databases
    SQL became a standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986,
    and of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1987


    What Can SQL do?

    SQL can execute queries against a database
    SQL can retrieve data from a database
    SQL can insert records in a database
    SQL can update records in a database
    SQL can delete records from a database
    SQL can create new databases
    SQL can create new tables in a database
    SQL can create stored procedures in a database
    SQL can create views in a database
    SQL can set permissions on tables, procedures, and views


    SQL is a Standard - BUT....

    Although SQL is an ANSI/ISO standard, there are different versions of the
     SQL language.

    However, to be compliant with the ANSI standard, they all support at 
    least the major commands (such as SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT, WHERE)
    in a similar manner.


    Using SQL in Your Web Site

    To build a web site that shows data from a database, you will need:

    An RDBMS database program (i.e. MS Access, SQL Server, MySQL)
    To use a server-side scripting language, like PHP or ASP
    To use SQL to get the data you want
    To use HTML / CSS to style the page


    RDBMS

    RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.

    RDBMS is the basis for SQL, and for all modern database systems such as MS SQL
     Server, IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Access.

    The data in RDBMS is stored in database objects called tables. A table is a 
    collection of related data entries and it consists of columns and rows.

    Look at the "Customers" table:


    Example


    SELECT * FROM Customers;
     Every table is broken up into smaller entities called fields. The fields in the
     Customers table consist of CustomerID, CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City,
     PostalCode and Country. A field is a column in a table that is designed to 
     maintain specific information about every record in the table.

    A record, also called a row, is each individual entry that exists in a table.
     For example, there are 91 records in the above Customers table. A record is
     a horizontal entity in a table.

    A column is a vertical entity in a table that contains all information associated
     with a specific field in a table.
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