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26 December, 2020

The SQL CASE Statement

 Programing Coderfunda     December 26, 2020     SQL Tutorial     No comments   

The SQL CASE Statement

The CASE statement goes through conditions and returns a value when the first condition is met (like an IF-THEN-ELSE statement). So, once a condition is true, it will stop reading and return the result. If no conditions are true, it returns the value in the ELSE clause.

If there is no ELSE part and no conditions are true, it returns NULL.

CASE Syntax

CASE
    WHEN condition1 THEN result1
    WHEN condition2 THEN result2
    WHEN conditionN THEN resultN
    ELSE result
END;

Demo Database

Below is a selection from the "OrderDetails" table in the Northwind sample database:

OrderDetailIDOrderIDProductIDQuantity
1102481112
2102484210
310248725
410249149
5102495140


SQL CASE Examples

The following SQL goes through conditions and returns a value when the first condition is met:

Example

SELECT OrderID, Quantity,
CASE
    WHEN Quantity > 30 THEN 'The quantity is greater than 30'
    WHEN Quantity = 30 THEN 'The quantity is 30'
    ELSE 'The quantity is under 30'
END AS QuantityText
FROM OrderDetails;
Try it Yourself »

The following SQL will order the customers by City. However, if City is NULL, then order by Country:

Example

SELECT CustomerName, City, Country
FROM Customers
ORDER BY
(CASE
    WHEN City IS NULL THEN Country
    ELSE City
END);
Try it Yourself »

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