CodeIgniter - Working with Database
Like any other framework, we need to interact with the database very often and CodeIgniter makes this job easy for us. It provides rich set of functionalities to interact with database.
In this section, we will understand how the CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) functions work with CodeIgniter. We will use stud table to select, update, delete, and insert the data in stud table.
| Table Name: stud | |
|---|---|
| roll_no | int(11) |
| name | varchar(30) |
Connecting to a Database
We can connect to database in the following two way −
- Automatic Connecting − Automatic connection can be done by using the file application/config/autoload.php. Automatic connection will load the database for each and every page. We just need to add the database library as shown below −
$autoload['libraries'] = array(‘database’);
- Manual Connecting − If you want database connectivity for only some of the pages, then we can go for manual connecting. We can connect to database manually by adding the following line in any class.
$this->load->database();
Here, we are not passing any argument because everything is set in the database config file application/config/database.php
Inserting a Record
To insert a record in the database, the insert() function is used as shown in the following table −
Syntax | insert([$table = ''[, $set = NULL[, $escape = NULL]]]) |
Parameters |
|
Returns | TRUE on success, FALSE on failure |
Return Type | bool |
The following example shows how to insert a record in stud table. The $data is an array in which we have set the data and to insert this data to the table stud, we just need to pass this array to the insert function in the 2ndargument.
$data = array(
'roll_no' => ‘1’,
'name' => ‘Virat’
);
$this->db->insert("stud", $data);
Updating a Record
To update a record in the database, the update() function is used along with set() and where() functions as shown in the tables below. The set()function will set the data to be updated.
Syntax | set($key[, $value = ''[, $escape = NULL]]) |
Parameters |
|
Returns | CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining) |
Return Type | CI_DB_query_builder |
The where() function will decide which record to update.
Syntax | where($key[, $value = NULL[, $escape = NULL]]) |
Parameters |
|
Returns | DB_query_builder instance |
Return Type | object |
Finally, the update() function will update data in the database.
Syntax | update([$table = ''[, $set = NULL[, $where = NULL[, $limit = NULL]]]]) |
Parameters |
|
Returns | TRUE on success, FALSE on failure |
Return Type | bool |
$data = array(
'roll_no' => ‘1’,
'name' => ‘Virat’
);
$this->db->set($data);
$this->db->where("roll_no", ‘1’);
$this->db->update("stud", $data);
Deleting a Record
To delete a record in the database, the delete() function is used as shown in the following table −
Syntax | delete([$table = ''[, $where = ''[, $limit = NULL[, $reset_data = TRUE]]]]) |
Parameters |
|
Returns | CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining) or FALSE on failure |
Return Type | mixed |
Use the following code to to delete a record in the stud table. The first argument indicates the name of the table to delete record and the second argument decides which record to delete.
$this->db->delete("stud", "roll_no = 1");
Selecting a Record
To select a record in the database, the get function is used, as shown in the following table −
Syntax | get([$table = ''[, $limit = NULL[, $offset = NULL]]]) |
Parameters |
|
Returns | CI_DB_result instance (method chaining) |
Return Type | CI_DB_result |
Use the following code to get all the records from the database. The first statement fetches all the records from “stud” table and returns the object, which will be stored in $query object. The second statement calls the result()function with $query object to get all the records as array.
$query = $this->db->get("stud");
$data['records'] = $query->result();
Closing a Connection
Database connection can be closed manually, by executing the following code −
$this->db->close();
Example
Create a controller class called Stud_controller.php and save it at application/controller/Stud_controller.php
Here is a complete example, wherein all of the above-mentioned operations are performed. Before executing the following example, create a database and table as instructed at the starting of this chapter and make necessary changes in the database config file stored at application/config/database.php
<?php
class Stud_controller extends CI_Controller {
function __construct() {
parent::__construct();
$this->load->helper('url');
$this->load->database();
}
public function index() {
$query = $this->db->get("stud");
$data['records'] = $query->result();
$this->load->helper('url');
$this->load->view('Stud_view',$data);
}
public function add_student_view() {
$this->load->helper('form');
$this->load->view('Stud_add');
}
public function add_student() {
$this->load->model('Stud_Model');
$data = array(
'roll_no' => $this->input->post('roll_no'),
'name' => $this->input->post('name')
);
$this->Stud_Model->insert($data);
$query = $this->db->get("stud");
$data['records'] = $query->result();
$this->load->view('Stud_view',$data);
}
public function update_student_view() {
$this->load->helper('form');
$roll_no = $this->uri->segment('3');
$query = $this->db->get_where("stud",array("roll_no"=>$roll_no));
$data['records'] = $query->result();
$data['old_roll_no'] = $roll_no;
$this->load->view('Stud_edit',$data);
}
public function update_student(){
$this->load->model('Stud_Model');
$data = array(
'roll_no' => $this->input->post('roll_no'),
'name' => $this->input->post('name')
);
$old_roll_no = $this->input->post('old_roll_no');
$this->Stud_Model->update($data,$old_roll_no);
$query = $this->db->get("stud");
$data['records'] = $query->result();
$this->load->view('Stud_view',$data);
}
public function delete_student() {
$this->load->model('Stud_Model');
$roll_no = $this->uri->segment('3');
$this->Stud_Model->delete($roll_no);
$query = $this->db->get("stud");
$data['records'] = $query->result();
$this->load->view('Stud_view',$data);
}
}
?>
Create a model class called Stud_Model.php and save it in application/models/Stud_Model.php
<?php
class Stud_Model extends CI_Model {
function __construct() {
parent::__construct();
}
public function insert($data) {
if ($this->db->insert("stud", $data)) {
return true;
}
}
public function delete($roll_no) {
if ($this->db->delete("stud", "roll_no = ".$roll_no)) {
return true;
}
}
public function update($data,$old_roll_no) {
$this->db->set($data);
$this->db->where("roll_no", $old_roll_no);
$this->db->update("stud", $data);
}
}
?>
Create a view file called Stud_add.php and save it in application/views/Stud_add.php
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang = "en">
<head>
<meta charset = "utf-8">
<title>Students Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo form_open('Stud_controller/add_student');
echo form_label('Roll No.');
echo form_input(array('id'=>'roll_no','name'=>'roll_no'));
echo "<br/>";
echo form_label('Name');
echo form_input(array('id'=>'name','name'=>'name'));
echo "<br/>";
echo form_submit(array('id'=>'submit','value'=>'Add'));
echo form_close();
?>
</body>
</html>
Create a view file called Stud_edit.php and save it in application/views/Stud_edit.php
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang = "en">
<head>
<meta charset = "utf-8">
<title>Students Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method = "" action = "">
<?php
echo form_open('Stud_controller/update_student');
echo form_hidden('old_roll_no',$old_roll_no);
echo form_label('Roll No.');
echo form_input(array('id'⇒'roll_no',
'name'⇒'roll_no','value'⇒$records[0]→roll_no));
echo "
";
echo form_label('Name');
echo form_input(array('id'⇒'name','name'⇒'name',
'value'⇒$records[0]→name));
echo "
";
echo form_submit(array('id'⇒'sub mit','value'⇒'Edit'));
echo form_close();
?>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Create a view file called Stud_view.php and save it in application/views/Stud_view.php
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang = "en">
<head>
<meta charset = "utf-8">
<title>Students Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href = "<?php echo base_url(); ?>
index.php/stud/add_view">Add</a>
<table border = "1">
<?php
$i = 1;
echo "<tr>";
echo "<td>Sr#</td>";
echo "<td>Roll No.</td>";
echo "<td>Name</td>";
echo "<td>Edit</td>";
echo "<td>Delete</td>";
echo "<tr>";
foreach($records as $r) {
echo "<tr>";
echo "<td>".$i++."</td>";
echo "<td>".$r->roll_no."</td>";
echo "<td>".$r->name."</td>";
echo "<td><a href = '".base_url()."index.php/stud/edit/"
.$r->roll_no."'>Edit</a></td>";
echo "<td><a href = '".base_url()."index.php/stud/delete/"
.$r->roll_no."'>Delete</a></td>";
echo "<tr>";
}
?>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Make the following change in the route file at application/config/routes.php and add the following line at the end of file.
$route['stud'] = "Stud_controller";
$route['stud/add'] = 'Stud_controller/add_student';
$route['stud/add_view'] = 'Stud_controller/add_student_view';
$route['stud/edit/(\d+)'] = 'Stud_controller/update_student_view/$1';
$route['stud/delete/(\d+)'] = 'Stud_controller/delete_student/$1';
Now, let us execute this example by visiting the following URL in the browser. Replace the yoursite.com with your URL.
http://yoursite.com/index.php/stud